Backcountry Skiing and Snowboarding: A Beginner's Guide

If you're an avid skier or snowboarder looking for a new challenge, backcountry skiing or snowboarding might be just what you need. But before you head out into the wilderness, it's essential to understand the risks and take the necessary precautions to stay safe. I got started with backcountry snowboarding during the winter where many ski resorts were shut down by Covid-19 and definitely wish I had started sooner.  Here's a comprehensive guide to point you in the right direction for starting with backcountry skiing or snowboarding.

Obtain the Proper Gear

Having the right gear is crucial for backcountry skiing or snowboarding. Here's a list of the essential gear you'll need:

• Skis or a splitboard (a snowboard that splits into two skis for uphill travel) with backcountry bindings.
• Climbing skins
• Ski or snowboard boots suitable for backcountry use
• Ski poles (collapsible if you’re using a splitboard)
• Avalanche safety gear: beacon, shovel, and probe
• Backpack 
• Extra clothing layers, including a warm jacket, hat, and gloves
• Food and water
• Sunscreen and sunglasses

You may also want to consider purchasing a backpack equipped with an airbag which can be inflated if an avalanche is triggered.  If properly deployed, it will aid in keeping you on top of the snow during a slide.  While this is a significant investment, it could save your life. 

The kit you see below is what I have for my Avalanche safety gear, and it works great for me, but there are many other options out there.

Avalanche Safety Courses

Avalanche safety courses are an essential first step in backcountry skiing or snowboarding. These courses teach you how to assess snowpack conditions, read avalanche forecasts, and use avalanche safety gear, such as beacons, shovels, and probes. They also cover rescue techniques and how to respond to an avalanche emergency.  These courses will at a minimum require you already have your own avalanche safety gear, and means of up-hill travel.

There are several organizations that offer avalanche safety courses, including the American Institute for Avalanche Research and Education (AIARE) and the Canadian Avalanche Association (CAA). Look for courses that are taught by certified instructors and provide hands-on training in the field.  I took my Level 1 course through AIARE.  It consisted of two days of classroom and two days of field training.  I cannot stress enough the importance of at least a Level 1 course prior to attempting any backcountry excursions.

Backcountry Courses

If you're new to backcountry skiing or snowboarding, taking a backcountry course can help you learn the skills and techniques you need to stay safe and enjoy the experience. I actually wish I had done this before my AIARE course, because it would have helped with the field training.  These courses cover topics such as navigation, route finding, and terrain management. They also teach you how to ski or snowboard in off-piste conditions, where the snow is untracked and potentially unstable.

There are many backcountry courses available, ranging from one-day workshops to multi-day programs. Look for courses that are taught by experienced guides or instructors and that have a small student-to-instructor ratio for personalized attention.

Investing in high-quality gear can make a big difference in your safety and comfort in the backcountry. Make sure your equipment is well-maintained and properly fitted before heading out.

Hiring a Guide

If you're new to backcountry skiing or snowboarding, or if you're exploring a new area, hiring a guide can be a smart choice for your first few excursions into the backcountry. A guide can help you navigate the terrain, assess snowpack conditions, and make good decisions about where to ski or snowboard. They can also provide valuable instruction and feedback on your technique.

Look for guides who are certified by organizations such as the American Mountain Guides Association (AMGA) or the International Federation of Mountain Guides Associations (IFMGA). A good guide will prioritize safety, provide clear communication, and tailor their approach to your skill level and goals.

Never Travel Alone!

Backcountry skiing or snowboarding should never be done alone. Always travel with at least one partner who is experienced in backcountry travel and avalanche safety, but you should really be in a group of 3-5 people for an effective rescue if things go wrong.  This ensures that you have someone to help you in case of an emergency, and it also makes the experience more enjoyable.  More than 5 gets a little chaotic in my opinion.  Make sure everyone in your party has taken avalanche safety courses and all have well maintained avalanche safety gear.

Check the Avalanche Forecast

Before heading out into the backcountry, always check the avalanche forecast for the area you'll be visiting. This information is usually available online or through local backcountry organizations, and it will provide you with important details about the current snowpack conditions, the likelihood of avalanches, and any other potential hazards. Here in Washington, I use NWAC which is administered by the United States Forest Service.

Know the Terrain

Understanding the terrain you'll be skiing or riding in is crucial for avalanche safety. Pay attention to the slope angle, the direction the slope faces, and any potential trigger points like cliffs or cornices. Avoid traveling in avalanche terrain if possible, and if you must, make sure to take extra precautions.  Always ensure the snow conditions you see are consistent with what you expected based on the avalanche forecast.

Know Your Limits

Backcountry skiing or snowboarding requires a high level of physical fitness, technical skill, and mental focus. Before heading out, make sure you're prepared for the challenges you'll face. Start with shorter, less challenging tours and gradually work your way up to more advanced terrain. It's also important to know your limits and to listen to your body. If you're feeling fatigued or uncomfortable, don't hesitate to turn back or take a break. Remember, the goal of backcountry skiing or snowboarding is to have fun while staying safe.